非限制性定语从句讲解课件

非限制性定语从句也是定语从句的一种,在高中语法知识中它也是非常重要的一项的,老师们对于非限定性定语从句的讲解也是非常重视的。以下是小编整理的非限制性定语从句讲解课件,欢迎阅读。

说到非限定性定语从句的讲解,还要分成不同的部分,首先大家要知道就得就是该从句的作用是什么。其实它在句子中是一个独立的成分,不会受到主句的限制,把从句去掉之后,主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次,大家要了解该从句的形式:非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密,因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如:

Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?

你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗?它的男主演可是世界闻名的。

My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.

我有位朋友,他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会,下个月就要退休了。

在非限制性定语从句也分成不同的种类,在不同情况下,该从句的使用方法也是不一样的,在考试中经常会考察大家对于该从句不同类型的运用。如果大家不能很好的掌握这些用法,在考试的时候就一定会丢分了,下面就是关于该从句不同类型的'介绍:

(1) who引导的非限制性定语从句

Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调。

My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观,他说今年将不结苹果。

(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句

关系代词whom用于指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末。如:

Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。

Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那儿学了许多东西。

(3) whose引导的非限制性定语从句

whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。如:

The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。

Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的典型作品,风格拘谨刻板。

(4) which引导的非限制性定语从句

关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。

① which指代主句中的名词,被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如:

These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。

She is an artist,which I am not.她是一位艺术家,而我不是。

Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。

The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此。

② which指代主句中的形容词。如:

She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。

She is always careless,which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意,我们可不应该这样。

③ which指代主句中的某个从句。如:

He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的。

④ which指代整个主句。如:

In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。

He may have acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲肠炎,如果是这样,他就得动手术。

When deeply absorbed in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他经常聚精会神地工作,这时他会废寝忘食。

(5) when引导的非限制性定语从句

关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。如:

He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号,那时他将有空。

(6) where引导的非限制性定语从句

关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。如:

They went to London,where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦,在那儿呆了六个月的时间。

They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他们昨天抵达那里, 有一个关于销售的谈判在那儿举行。

(7) as引导的非限制性定语从句

as引出非限定性定语从句时,代替整个主句,对其进行说明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,且引出的从句位置比较灵活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。 如:

As it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美国人都知道,马克?吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(as在从句中作主语)

He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. 他忘了带笔,这是常事。(as在从句中作主语)

He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神贯注地工作,他过去经常这样。(as在从句中作表语)

Boy as he was, he was chosen king. 他虽是孩子,却被选为国王。(as在从句中作表语)

as we all know, the earth is round.众所周知,地球是圆的。 (as在从句中作宾语)

The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对此决定都满意,这项决定在事前都已得到他们的同意。(as在从句中作主语)

Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(as在从句中作宾语)

(8)“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句

在介词后引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词,而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。

They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿,没有它们产量会减少一半。

They thanked Tom,without whose support they would not have succeeded.这些邻居是北京来的,昨天我被介绍同他们认识了。

(9)“名词/代词+of+which / whom”引导的非限制性定语从句

It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 现在它拥有两万公顷土地,其中三分之二之多已经耕种。

Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子,绝大部分是新的。

he textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty per cent of whom are women. 这家纺织厂有8千多职工,女职工占百分之八十。

通过对该从句的讲解,大家可以看出,它的种类真的是非常多,不同的词语引导的从句用法都是不同的,大家要学会区分不同用法所表示的含义。虽然该从句在选择题中考察的非常多,但是大家在阅读题中也会看见这样的从句,所以说,大家学习语法知识并不只是为了语法的题目,它对于大家整个英语水平的提升都是非常有帮助的。除此之外大家还要注意一些非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况:

1.非限制性定语从句不可用that引导, 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人,用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物, 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如:

The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.

这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。

The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.

这部电影很有教育意义, 它的导演是位老人。

2.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略,若指人时,只用whom,不用who。例如:

York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.

我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。

Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.

请把这本书交给杰西卡,就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。

3.非限制性定语从句不可用why引导, 需用for which替代why。例如:

None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.

我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。

定语从句的讲解课件

导语:定语从句的讲解课件如何设计?以下是小编为大家整理的文章,欢迎阅读!希望对大家有所帮助!

定语从句的讲解课件

一、课堂导入

教师读句子,让学生听并复述

1. she is the girl who has blue eyes.

2. I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue.

3. A telephone is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.

4. I like this person that has 3 story books

5. This is the office where he worked.

6. I don’t know the reason why he came so late.

二、复习预习

教师引导学生复习上节课所学的反意疑问句,包括反意疑问句的形式,祈使句的反意疑问句,there be句型的反意疑问句等, (以提问、回顾的形式进行),针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑,并通过对反意疑问句具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的定语从句。

三、知识讲解

知识点1:定语从句的概念和先行词

1. 【考查点】在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。(而在一个句子中充当整个句子的宾语的句子叫做宾语从句)

如:I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue. (定语从句)

我爱眼睛是蓝色的这位英语老师

I don’t know (宾语从句)

我不知道你怎样才能到达那个公园。

2. 【考查点】被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

如:A friend is someone who says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”

A Wechat (微信) is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.

知识点2:定语的关系词~关系代词

1.【考查点】既能指物也能指人的关系代词 that,whose。

如: ① I like this person that has 3 story books. (先行词是人person)

②先行词是物book)

①(先行词是teacher)

②先行词是dog)

2、【考查点】只能用来指代人的关系词who, whom.

如:Is he the man who wants to see you?

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

3、【考查点】只能指代物的关系词which。

如:A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

4、【考查点】关系词在句子中充当的成分。

如:1、(who/that在从句中作主语)

他就是你想见的人吗?

2、他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

3、作宾语) which / that在句中(

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

4、((只用作定语)

那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

(注:当上题先行词指物时它还可以同of which互换)

如:Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

请递给我那本绿皮的书

知识点3:关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的.名词,在从句中作状语。

【考查点】关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。

如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

知识点4:关系词的选择取决于从句中的谓语动词

1.【考查点】 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

四、例题精析

【例题1】

【题干】Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.

A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that

【答案】A

【解析】: 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系,所以用现在分词。Those指街道,所以不用

来引导定语从句。 who而用that

【题干】Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?

A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where

【答案】:D

【解析】:将疑问句改为陈述句:this research center is…显然缺少先行词,必须加上代词the one来作先行词,又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语,所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the,就选where,请想想这是为什么。

【题 干】

The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk cor第一文库网rectly and safely.

A. when B. where C. which D. whose

【答案】:B

【解析】 因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用

语从句。 where引导定

【题干】

—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?

—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided

A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose

【答案】:C 【解析】:因为of which引导定语从句,并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。

五、课堂运用

【基础】

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.

A. Which B. where

【答案】A

【解析】:which用作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。C. what D. in which

2.Do you know the man _______?

A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke

【答案】C.

【解析】"和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词,作介词to的宾语,可以省略。

3.This is the hotel _______last month.

A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed

C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed

【答案】

【解析】是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 D. where

4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

A. which B. that C. when D. on which

【答案】. C.

【解析】

是关系副词,表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 when

【巩固】

5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.

A. which B. on which C. in which D. when

【答案】A.

【解析】 which是关系代词,在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.

A. where B. to which C. which D. in which

【答案】C.

【解析】which是关系代词,在从句中作visit的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.

A. where B. that C. which D. there

【答案】 A.

【解析】where是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

【拔高】

8.This is one of the best films _______.

A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown

C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked

【答案】A.

【解析】本句话的先行词应该是films,因此,关系代词that是负数概念,其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the,则the one应该视为先行词。

9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?

A. about which you talked B. which you talked

C. about that you talked D. that you talked

【答案】A.

【解析】“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词,其后要用which作宾语,不能用that。

10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.

A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which

【答案】 A.

【解析】with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.

课程小结

本节课主要围绕定语从句的常考点展开,即:定语从句的概念,定语从句的关系词,定语从句的先行词等。需要重点掌握的是定语从句的先行词和定语从句的关系词。此外,在初中阶段也会经常接触到定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择,因此,这个考点也需要重点掌握。

近年中考对语法点的考查往往是与语境想结合,因此,同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目,灵活地运用语法知识。


高中定语从句讲解课件

高中定语从句讲解课件,一起来看看吧。

语法复习--定语从句

一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型:

1.简单句(Simple Sentence)

2.并列句(Compound Sentence)

3.复合句 (Complex Sentence)

(1)简单句的五大基本句型:

主语+连系动词+表语

主语 +及物动词+宾语

主语+不及物动词+状语

主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾

主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补

(2)并列句:由两个或两个以上等立而又 相互独立的简单句构成,两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。 其结构是: 简单句+等立连词+简单句

eg:He has studied English for only one year,but he can read and write now.

Keep on and you will make progress.

(3)复合句:由一个主句或几个从句构成的`句子。从句只用作句子的一个成份,不能独立。根据从句在句中的作用,可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。

附:定语从句专练

请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。

1. This is the factory where we visited last week.

2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking.

3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.

4. The house in that we live is very small.

5. The sun gives off light and warmth,that makes it possible for plants to grow.

6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.

7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.

8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.

9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.

10. His dog,that was now very old,became ill and died.

11. The reason which he didn’t go to school is that he was ill.

12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.

13. The boy,his mother died last year,studies very hard.

14. I have two sisters,both of them are doctors.

15. We’re going to visit the school where your brother works there.

16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening.

17. That is the way which they work.

18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.

19. Who is the man who has white hairs?

20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea.[1][2]

定语从句的课件

定语从句的课件1

一、设计背景

1. 初步掌握及运用定语从句,如让学生用定语从句来完成对人物喜欢的人物进行描述,如I like music that I can dance to. She is the only one who’s studying French.等。

2. 本课的学习任务就是能初步掌握及运用定语从句,为了使学生顺利地完成教学任务,教师以学生为主体,为学生设计了几个以他们的认知水平出发的符合生活实际的他们感兴趣的一环扣一环的子任务,每个子任务紧紧围绕总任务展开,再深入,在一个一个完成任务的活动中培养学生的能力。

二.教学目标

(1)语言目标:能用定语从句较自如地描述及谈论人和物。在活动中训练学生的听力,口头表达能力,培养学生的观察,想象和创造力。

(2)情感目标:促进同学间积极合作交流,发展同学间的友谊 。

2.教学方法 :多媒体的运用能创设真实的语言情景,学生也很感兴趣,极大地鼓动了学生学习英语的积极性,而且呈现在课堂上能使教学更生活化,也更直观和具体。

三、教学方法

以学生为主体,用多媒体辅助教学,通过帮助学生理解、归纳、总结、讨论等方式学习定语从句,由于本节课是学生第一次系统学习定语从句,要达到让学生初步掌握定语从句这一目的。

四、学法指导、自主学习、合作学习

五、教学过程

第一环节: 观察以下例句:

1. The red pen is broken.

2. The pen on the desk is broken.

3. The pen that I bought yesterday is broken.

导入:通过对定语的理解,导入定语、定语从句的概念,定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子,当修饰词是一个句子时被称为定语从句。通常置于它所修饰的词之后,这种被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。

例句分析:

I like to have friends who are like me.

I like to have friends who are different from me.

He is the only one who is studying French.

Be careful of the person who doesn’t speak and the dog that doesn’t bark.

You can’t wake up a person who pretends to sleep.

He who can’t get to the Great Wall is not a true man.

I like musicians who play different kinds of music.

Another that he found very difficult is grammar.

The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.

Being a professional athlete is the only thing that I have ever wanted to do.

I like music that I can sing along with.

I like music that has great lyrics.

I like music that I can dance to.

得出结论1)当先行词是物时

a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时,用which/that引导,且不能省略.b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语时,用which/that引导,且可以省略.

2)当先行词是人时

a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that引导,且不能省略.b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that/whom引导,且可以省略.

第二环节:在学生对定语从句有了初步的了解后,创设情境,学以致用,让学生分组活动,根据多媒体呈现的情境,有创造性地造句:

This is a singer who/that …

who is a boy.

who is very shy.

who writes his own songs.

who has a song called Qinghuaci.

Who I like best.

It’s an animal that/which is very strong.

It’s an animal that/which has long nose and big ears.

It’s an animal that/which I like very much.

第三环节: 在学生对一般的规律都把握好以后,把学生的易错点和定语从句的考点呈现在屏幕上,让学生仔细观察并作出总结,该环节设计得很好,很好地训练了学生的'观察能力和主动探究的能力,效果较好。

仔细观察:你会发现什么?

1) I prefer shoes that are cool.

2) I like a pizza that is really delicious.

3) I love singers who are beautiful.

4) I have a friend who plays sports.

学生观察后得出的结论为:

who/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。

第四环节:小节本堂课的内容

什么是定语 ?

什么是定语从句?

定语从句的结构是什么?

关系词有几重作用?

此环节让学生对所学的知识加以升华,并在大脑里形成知识框架,把知识系统化。

第五环节:巩固练习---以检查学生是否真正掌握本堂课的知识,实践证明,学生掌握得很好。

第六环节:合作探究

留给学生的问题

1.如果先行词既有人又有物,用什么关系词?

2.如果先行词是时间,用什么关系词?

3.如果先行词是地点,用什么关系词?

4.关系词whose怎么用?

通过此环节给学生留下思维拓展的空间,也为以后的学习做好铺垫,体现学习的延续性。

课堂小结:通过例子让学生总结定语从句的规律和特点,同时总结不同关系词的用法。在这节课中,学生对定语从句这一语法项目有了不同程度的巩固和深化。

六、课后反思:

提倡任务型教学活动,是为了让学生们在教师的指导下,通过感知,体验,实践,参与合作等方式,力求最大限度地把语言能力的培养落实到教学过程的每一个环节,逐步实现预定的任务目标并感受成功。我在这堂课的设计里要求自己新颖别致,突出故事的完整性,要有一气呵成的感觉,重点落实,定语从句自始至终贯穿每个环节,活而不乱,生动有趣,贴近生活,气氛活跃。能发挥学生们的主体互动性和能动性,在完成任务的过程中能积极参与。课后感觉任务型教学有所体现,学生们积极性高,参与面广,训练量较大,能初步运用定语从句。

但在教学过程中,我意识到:有个别学生基础太差,虽在课堂中他们也积极参与,但有时很盲目,甚至不知道老师和同学们在进行什么内容,从他们的目光和神态中,我了解到他们对知识的渴求,我暗自告诉自己,一定要帮助他们,这很难,但一定要坚持,决不放弃。

定语从句的课件2

教学内容:discovering useful structures部分首先要求学生从文中找出定语从句进行分析,其次考查了定语从句关系词的选择。

教材和学生分析:

本案例是从实际应用的角度学习语法知识,在现实的情境中应用语法知识。语法知识的学习尽可能从实际应用的角度入手,让学生在相对真实的日常生活和学习的情景中感到在语言的应用中需要语法知识,要确保交际的准确,就需要学习和掌握语法知识。

教学目标:

1.掌握定语从句的关系代词that, which, who, whose的用法。

2.培养在交际环境中应用定语从句的语言运用能力。

教学重难点:定语从句中交际环境中的应用能力。

教学过程:

step 1:示范

教师利用多媒体向学生展示本校优美的校园和丰富的校园生活。请学生描述所看到的情景和人物,教师同时向学生用含有定语从句的句子总结学生的表述,引出定语从句。

学生:this is our classroom. it is bright and big. or: this is our classroom. we study in the classroom every day.

教师:this is our classroom that is bright and big. or: this is our classroom where we study every day.

学生:this is our english teacher. he loves us all. or: this is our english teacher. his pronunciation is perfect.

教师:this is our english teacher who loves us all. or: this is our english teacher whose pronunciation is perfect.

设计意图:

课前用数码相机拍几张校园里的人和物的图片,上课时用多媒体展示给学生看,让学生有亲近感,拉近了师生距离,使学生产生表达的欲望。

学生的已有语言基础充许他们介绍所看到的图片,教师在学生描述的基础上,用合并两个简单句的方法,导入定语从句。

step 2:语言活动

game 1:一个比划一个猜

游戏规则:

1. 两个人配合,一个人面对屏幕、另一个人背对屏幕,面对屏幕的用英语解释屏幕上出现的某种事物,背对屏幕的那个人则要根据同伴的解释猜出它的名称。

2. 规定所猜的单词必须是教室范围以内的。

3. 全班分几个小组,老师在屏幕上展示一张物品或人物图片,然后由面对屏幕的同学用英语来进行解释,解释对了而且同伴答对了,加一分,如果使用定语从句进行解释,就再加一分。

some objects that are used in the game:

computer, dictionary, textbook, chair, money, door, eraser, television, pocket, chalk, window, pen, glasses, shoes, paper, knife, pencil, keys, clock, door, water, knife, wall, keyboard, floor

door: something you open before you enter a house or a room

water: something that you drink when you are thirsty

television: something which can broadcast news and other programs

其中有一些单词需要用介词加关系代词引导的定语从句来进行解释,如:

dictionary: a book in which we can find the meanings or the pronunciation of a new word

chair: a piece of furniture on which people sit

money: something with which we can buy things

computer: a machine with which we are playing the game

game 2:竞猜游戏(判断他/她是谁或它是什么)

1. 活动形式:6~8人小组活动

2. 情境设置:教师先对教室里的人、事或物进行口头描述。学生听后作出口头反应(说出是谁或是什么)。例如:

t: she is a girl who got three gold medals in the last sports meet.

s: wu yan.

t: right. now another one. it is a book that can tell you the meaning of new words when you study english.

s:a dictionary.

3. 游戏规则:游戏分初赛和复赛;初赛后每组选出优秀选手3人参加复赛。为了使任务更加有趣,组员每猜中一次可得一分;教师将学生猜中的人或物写在黑板上,以防重复猜测;最后角逐出前三名,并予以奖励。

4. 操作步骤:

i. 教师布置任务,讲清游戏规则;

ii. 学生活动,教师当裁判并维持秩序;

iii. 角逐出复赛选手,复赛后予以奖励。

5. 注意事项:

学生熟悉了该游戏后,教师可以加大游戏的难度。教师可以联系学生的实际,拓宽要猜测的人、事或物的范围。教师事先准备一些图画、照片或卡片(上面有文字),将学生分为两组:一组描述,另一组猜测。例如:

he is the first chinese who travelled in a spaceship.

the girl who played the heroine in titanic.

the city that will hold the 29th olympic games.

the first european who discovered america.

设计意图:

传统的语法教学常采用“定义-讲解-释疑-练习”的方式,很难给学生提供用所学的语法项目进行真实交际的机会。而通过游戏教学语法,让学生在完成一定的任务中,在自己已有知识基础上,通过同伴互助和教师的帮助,在实际运用语言的过程中掌握新知识,新课改强调让学生运用所掌握的语言知识去表达有意义的思想;而不是仅仅把教学的重点集中在语言本身的形式上(龚亚夫,罗少茜,2003)。根据对定语从句的功能(主要是用来描述、定义和补充说明)的理解,定语从句的教学不是为了让学生能在考试中选出某一道题的正确答案,而是让学生能运用定语从句描述或辨别他们所熟悉的。人、事或物,学会定义某个名词,或通过阅读定义准确理解和掌握词义。因此,教师在学生掌握定语从句的基本规则后,应尽可能给学生提供表达的机会,使他们能够用所学语法项目进行口头或笔头的交流,以促使其对该语法项目的理解、掌握与运用。语法教学的目的是要通过灵活的教学设计来突出语法的精髓,通过丰富的情景创设来活化语法,让语法教学生动起来,从而帮助学生在完成任务的过程中将孤立和零碎的语言知识转化为灵活运用语言的能力。

step 3:归纳

要求学生总结定语从句中关系代词that/which, who/whom/whose的用法,从而实现目标的达成。用多媒体展示如下的表格,要求学生填写红色部分。

设计意图:

学生在进行大量的口头练习后,对定语从句有了很多的感性认识,但这时的知识还是不很系统的,因此下一步,教师应该帮助学生对语言材料进行总结,找出其中规律性的内容,这样便于学生更好地理解定语从句,从而能更好地在语言实践中应该定语从句。利用表格进行知识归纳可以使知识更直观,更有系统性。