考研英语语法总结

总结是对某一特定时间段内的学习和工作生活等表现情况加以回顾和分析的一种书面材料,它能够给人努力工作的动力,是时候写一份总结了。但是却发现不知道该写些什么,下面是小编收集整理的考研英语语法总结,希望能够帮助到大家。

考研英语语法总结1

有很多同学认为,现在研究生考试中不再单独考查语法知识,所以考研复习中就不需要拿本语法书从头到尾看,做题的时候碰到不懂的语法知识时再翻书看看就行了。其实这种想法对于那些语法基础较弱的同学是完全错误的,即使是语法基础较好的同学也应该重视英语语法的复习。

因为在英语的复习中,虽然语法在研究生英语考试中不再单独考察,但是语法知识贯穿在整个英语考卷中。完型填空题会直接考查语法知识,阅读理解题和英译汉中有大量的长难句,这些句子只有具备一定的语法知识才能正确分析,作文中要写出正确无误的句子,也需要语法知识。所以说,语法知识是英语学习的基础。

怎样才能更好地来复习英语语法呢?

状况一:

有很多同学知道自己的语法基础不好,甚至连一个句子中的状语,定语成分都分不清楚,也不大懂状语从句,定语从句等。类似这种情况的同学有很多,基本上对语法处于半罐子的'阶段,不是完全不懂,又不是完全懂。

对策:

如果你的语法知识不是非常扎实,类似这样情况的同学建议大家可以选择一本基础的语法书从头开始系统地复习一遍,然后找一本与考研相关的语法书看看,系统讲解的同时还有历年真题和例句分析的。同时通过做题巩固所学的语法知识。

状况二:

大部分的同学都会觉得语法知识比较枯燥,并且好多语法知识看起来比较面熟,觉得自己对这部分语法知识了解的差不多了,就不太愿意再看语法书。

对策:

如果单纯的看语法书,那一定会很枯燥,学习效果也不好,跟题目结合起来复习效果会好一些,并且可以通过做题检查对语法知识的掌握情况。现在研究生考试中没有单纯考语法的题目,而是将语法知识融入完型填空、阅读理解、英译汉等中考查。

结合做题看书,就是先看语法书,然后做相应的题目巩固语法知识。如果题目做的不是很好,你就会有动力继续看书,如果题目做的好,就说明你对这部分语法知识掌握的不错。看语法书的同时,要对基本的语法知识进行整理,形成一个体系,也要对一些特殊的语法现象进行归纳,要手眼并用,不能只看不动手。另外,语法复习重在语法现象本身,而不是记住那些枯燥无味的术语。

那么,考研英语的语法掌握到什么程度就可以了呢?复习语法的目的是读懂文章做对题目,英语成绩好的同学,肯定语法基础也不差,并且能熟练地将语法知识应用到阅读、做题中。英语成绩不好的同学,可能是语法基础不扎实,也可能是囫囵吞枣,对语法知识一知半解,不能很好的应用到阅读和做题中。如果在阅读中面对一个长难句,你能快速准确地理解这个句子的成分,各个成分之间的关系,涉及到什么样的语法知识,并能正确翻译,那就说明你对这部分的语法知识掌握的不错,如果达不到这个要求,就说明掌握的还不好,还需要强化复习。

按部就班一步一步地从基础掌握,相信取得考研英语的高分不会难倒你!

考研英语语法总结2

于考研英语难说,在语法的构造上有其自身的特点,实际上在很大程度上就是对长、难句的理解,所以语法的学习要和长、难句的理解相互结合起来。这样我们才能做到有的放矢,各个击破考研英语中的语法难点,为顺畅解题做好铺垫。

一、 虚拟语气

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。第二点:动词的时态。考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。是阅读理解中的一个考点。

Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.

这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。

参考译文:这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”,其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。

二、 省略

省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences,这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是:虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断。省略一般出现在翻译中,在翻译的时候,一定要把省略的部分翻译出来,否则会扣分的

Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

参考译文:如果这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。

分析:很明显,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem,是一个省略句,with做状语一般表示伴随,这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构,构不成一个完整的句子。实际上,与前句相同的成分才会被省略,前一句的谓语部分是:will continue to be rejected. 所以,后一分句补充完整就是:with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.

三、从句

从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。 根据引导从句为主不同大概可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句和时间状语从句。在翻译的时候,它会成为一个考点,所在在做题的时候,一定要辨清它到底是什么从句,正确地翻译出来。

例如:Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.

分析:本题中含有两个并列的同位语从句,that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless”species.两个that的内容是对前面的evidence进行补充说明或解释。

2018考研英语语法摘抄

从属连词从属连词是用来引导从句的。

1.连词that, if, whether,连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose以及连接副词how, when, why, where可用来引导名词从句,充当主语、表语、宾语等。非正式文体中的宾语从句常省略that:

I think (that) he’ll be back in an hour. 我认为他一小时后就会回来。

Who they are doesn’t matter much. 他们是谁没什么大关系。

Can you tell me where he is? 你能告诉我他在哪儿吗?

He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰。

此外,that, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where等还可以引导定语从句。

2.连词when, while, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as等引导时间状语从句:

She said hello to me when she saw me. 她看到我的时候,和我打了招呼。

I’ll wait here until you come back. 我将在这里等你回来。

3.连词if, unless引导条件状语从句;because, as, since引导原因状语从句:

I’ll help her if she asks me to. 如果她要求我,我就帮助她。

I won’t help her unless she asks me to. 除非她要求我,否则我不会帮她。

He didn’t come because he was ill. 因为他病了,所以没来。

As he hasn’t appeared yet, we shall start without him. 既然他还没有出现,我们就先开始吧。

Since everybody is here, let’s begin. 既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。

4.连词in order than, so that引导目的状语从句;so…that…引导结果状语从句:

I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=I locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) 我把门锁上了,以便我们可以继续讨论而不受打扰。

The car ran so fast that I couldn’t see who was in it. 汽车跑得那么快,我没看清谁坐在里面。

5.连词than, as…as…, not as/so…as…用来引导比较状语从句:

He is better educated than his brother. 他比他兄弟受的教育好。

He is as well educated as his brother. 他和他兄弟受的`教育一样好。

He is not as/so well educated as his brother. 他没有他兄弟受的教育好。

6.连词although, though 引导让步状语从句;where, wherever 引导地点状语从句:

I’ll go wherever you go. 不管你去哪儿,我就去那儿。

Stay where you are! 原地别动!

Though/Although she is rich, she’s not happy. 尽管她富有,但她并不幸福。

一般来说,连词性质的连接词连接两个分句或引导一个从句,两个分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。

英语语法公式归纳总结

要想学好英语,首先要掌握其语法!以下是英语语法公式归纳总结,一起来看看吧!

英语语法公式归纳总结

第一章 名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一. 主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:

a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。

b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。

c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is + 名词 + 从句

It is a fact that ? 事实是?

It is an honor that ?非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that ?是常识

(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句

It is natural that? 很自然?

It is strange that? 奇怪的是?

(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句

It seems that? 似乎?

It happened that? 碰巧?

It appears that? 似乎?

(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句

It is reported that? 据报道?

It has been proved that? 已证实?

It is said that? 据说?

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:

(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2)It is said /reported?结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.

错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.

(3)It happens/occurs?结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.

(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether ?结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.

(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely?

4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:

a) What you said yesterday is right.

b) That she is still alive is a consolation

二.宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:

I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:

a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。

b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。

(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:

She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。

2. 作介词的宾语,例如:

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。

3. 作形容词的`宾语,例如:

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。

注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. it 可以作为形式宾语

it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:

We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:

正确表达:I admire their winning the match.

错误表达:I admire that they won the match.

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:

正确表达:He impressed the manager as an honest man.

错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:

I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

三. 表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that? 和It is because 等结构。例如:

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四. 同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)

高一英语名词性从句专项练习

2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____

A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about

C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about

3. Energy is ____makes thing work..

A. what B. something C. anything D. that

4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while B. that C. when D. as

5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.

A. there B. in which C. where D. when

6. They have no idea at all____.

A. where he has gone B. where did he go

C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone

7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.

A. that B. which C. of which D. of that

8. The order said ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.

A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave

C. /; must leave D. when; should leave

9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.

A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether

10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.

A. that B. which C. whether D. if

11. Is _____he said really true?

A. that B. what C. why D. whether

12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.

A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where

13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.

A. while B. if C. that D. for

14. _____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.

A. Whether B. This C. who D. If

15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.

A. What B. That C. Whether D. If

16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.

A. What B. That C. Who D. Which

17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.

A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what

18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.

A. What B. It C. All that D. That

19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.

A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped

20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

A. What B. That C. How D. Where

Keys:

1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA

第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解

一、It用作实词

表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象??

二、It用作形式主语

替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

It 作形式主语的常见句型:

1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为

(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.

此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful,

英语语法之主谓一致总结

引导语:英语语法中的主谓一致要怎么学呢?接下来是小编为你带来收集整理的文章,欢迎阅读!

几个容易弄错的主谓一致问题

1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语

谓语动词的数通常用单数(即遵循语法一致的原则):

Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。

More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。

2. each 用于复数名词后作同位语

此时谓语动词用复数:

They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。

The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。

3. 主语后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介词

其后的动词形式取决介词前主语:

Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树木之外什么也看不见。

No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外没人知道此事。

Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。

4. means作主语

名词means(方法)单数与复数同形,用作主语时,其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定(尤其注意其前的修饰语):

These means are very good. 这些方法很好。

Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。

若没有特定的修饰语或语境,则用单数或复数谓语均可:

There is [are] no good means. 没有好的方法。

Are [Is] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?

初中英语学习口诀:初中英语初中英语语法学习口诀

“顺口溜”的特有韵律会使抽象、烦琐的词语和语法知识、规则化难为易,便于记忆,增强了学生的学习热情和学习信心,学生的学习成绩会直线上升,有的记忆深刻,甚至会终生难忘。

如:

1.最初的简单动词的学习。

来是come,去是go。点头yes,摇头no。再见要用goodbye,谢谢要说thank you。

2.关于Be的用法:BTH

我用am,你用 are,is用在他、她、它,凡是复数都用are。不能错来,不能差。

3.关于冠词的使用:BTH

不见原因(元音),别施恩(n)。

4.不用冠词的部分情况:BTH

季节、月份、节假日,三餐、球类和星期。

5.以-fe结尾变复数只加s的单词:

gulf roof chief serf blief proof handkerchief

海湾边,屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望,谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上。

6.复习以-f (e)结尾的名词变复数:

leaf half self wife knife shelf wolf

thief

树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,

架后窜出一只狼,就像强盗逃命忙。

7.关于以o 结尾的单词变复数加es的情况:

Negro hero tomato potato

黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿。

8.关于非延续性动词:

begin leave go borrow come return join die buy arrive

开始离去,借来还,出生入死,买到家。

9.过去时:

过去时的句子变化口诀:过去时,时过去。过去事态是否是,过去时间是标志。否定句很简单,did之后not添。疑问句也不难,did置于主语前。过去置于动词前,谓语动词需还原。

巧记动词过去时形式-ed的变化:

(1)变化规则:动词变化很好记,一般末尾加-ed。如果词尾e有个紧跟其后加个d。辅音字母加y,要y把变i,特殊变化有熟记,保你一定考第一。

(2)读音规则:

清(清辅音)读清[t],浊读浊[d],[t][d]后面读[id]。

10.关于基数词的书写:

基数词不难记,12以内词各异,13数到19级,teen莫丢弃。20、30到90, 尾随ty是整十,说到几使几,中有 “—”要强记,遇到整百要警惕。

11.关于基数词变序数词:

基变序,有规律,123肩靠肩。8去e,9去t, ve要用f替,辅(音)后y, y→ie,th结尾莫大意,若遇数字几十几,只变个位就可以。

12.修饰名词的大致词序排列:

(A.)美圆小旧黄,法国木书房。“美” 代表描述性的词, “圆”代表形状, “小” 代表大小, “旧” 代表新旧、年龄, “黄” 代表颜色, “法国” 代表产地 “木” 代表质地 “书” 代表名词性定语说明用途。如:

(1*.)The first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge.

第一座美丽的中国小白石桥。

(2*.)A tall intelligent young Chinese officer.

一个聪慧的个子很高的年轻的`中国军官。

(B.)或者用:

县官行令,杀国才;植树苗,大新颜。

县(限定词)官(冠词)行(形容词)令(表年龄的词),杀国(表产地的词)才(材料);植(指示代词)树(数词)苗(描述性的词),大(表大小的词)新(表新旧的词)颜(表颜色的词)。

如:

(1*.)A few new major urban highways.

几条新的主要城区公路。

(2*.)Some sour green eating apple.

一些酸绿的食用苹果。

13.关于被动语态的使用:

动作谁做的不知道,说出谁做没必要。

接受动作要强调,被动语态最为妙。

14.关于五种简单句:

英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。

句子中间为动词,后接语是关键。

系动词后接表语,vi独身无牵连。

vt又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见。

15.双元音也好背,合口集中八个位。

辅音共计二十八,七浊一清又八对。

四个连对也包括,有气无声清辅音。

有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握。

16. 使役动词后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略“to”的特殊动词:

一些动词要掌握,一听hear,二看see watch三感觉feel, make let help[2],再加动词不带to,help是个两面派,其他动词非这块。还可以掌握“八字言”一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch 后只接动名词。

在英语中,为了避免重复,句子中的某些部分经常省略,给考生的理解增加了困难。现对省略现象总结如下:

一、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。

1. This beeper works well,but that one doesnt (work well).

这个寻呼机工作正常,但那个就不行。

2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units,some (of them) (weigh) 235 units,and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.所有的铀原子并非都有相同的原子量。其中有的重234,有的重235,而有的重238。

二、在when,while,if,as if,though(或although),as,until,once,wheth er,unless,where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。

1. When (water is) pure,water is a colorless liquid.

水纯净时,是无色的液体。

2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.

我困难时总是找她帮助。

3. Errors,if any,should be corrected.

如果有什么错误,就应当改正。(if后省略了there are)

4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning.

木头燃烧时,它放出很多烟。

5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.

这封信留在这里待领。

6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.

亨利向四周环视,似乎在寻找什么。

7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.

她尽管体弱,但学习仍十分努力。

三、当见到“when (或if,where,wherever,whenever,as soon as,as fast a s,than等)+possible/necessary等”时,可理解中间省略了it is(或was)。

1. Answer these questions,if (it is) possible without referring to the book.

如果有可能,请不看书回答这些问题。

2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something.

必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。

四、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。

1. It seems (或appears) (that) Joe is out,not Jack.

外出不在的似乎是乔,不是杰克。

2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.

我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。

3. Its a pity (that) you cant operate a computer.

很遗憾,你不会操作计算机。

4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China.

这是我第三次来中国。

五、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that。

1. That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.

那就是我们上周议论的淘气男孩。

六、在direction(方向),way(方式),distance(距离),time(时间),times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that,which,in which。

1. The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.

我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。

2. The distance (which或that) light travels in one second is 300,000 kilometers.

光每秒走的距离是30万公里。

七、以there be开头的句子,其主语的定语从句常可省略关联词,而there be结构作定语从句时,省略作主语的关系代词。

1. There is a chance Dr. Li will be able to be back for May Day.

李博士也许有机会能回来过五一节。

2. We have to make a list of all the books there are on the subject. 我们必须把所有关于这个题目的书列出一个单子。

八、命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。

1. Open the door!开门!

2. Why not?为什么不?

3. Why so?为什么这样?

4. Anybody wishing to go?谁愿意去啊?

九、用so,not或其它手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义。

1.—Can Emily do this work?

埃米莉能做这件工作吗?

—I think so.

我想她行。

—I think not (或I dont think so).

我想她不行。

2.—Did you know anything about it?

这件事你以前知道吗?

—Not until you told me.

你告诉了我,才知道。

3. He has gone. No one knowsswheres(he has gone).

他走了,谁也不知道他去什么地方了。

4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)!

詹妮有办法!