第一、借喻metonymy,是比喻的一种,端直借比喻的是我来代替被比喻的事物,被比喻的事物和比喻词全部不出现。如:“天下乌鸦一般黑”,“乌鸦”比喻旧时官吏。第二、借代是不端直将所要说的事物名称说出来,而用跟它有关系的另一种事物名称代替它。如:“红领巾们参加了植树活动。”“红领巾们”便代替了少先队员。第三、提喻synecdoche,指以局部代表整体,或以整体喻指部分等,如以bread 代表food等。

好比 teach a fish to swim是暗喻 Have good ear for music是借代 He earned his bread as a dust man是提喻

A.借喻(Metonymy)即为借代、转喻或换喻,本体和喻体联系紧密,但表面并不相似,有如下种类:1.以抽象代详细,如heart and head代情感与理智( 所以提喻实在是借代也便是借喻的一种;2以特殊自己、地点、事物等姓名代一类人或某机构:downing street代英国政府,Beijing代中国政府,He is another Shylock,Shylock代和其性格(吝啬)同样的人;3以容器或工具代相邻的事物,如The kettle is boiling.kettle(水壶)在此指代水,实在是水烧开而不是水壶烧开;等等。您这里的ear应该指代欣赏音乐的本事,ear和欣赏本事外表并不相似,但联系紧密,由于耳朵可作为聆听、鉴赏音乐的工具。 B提喻(Synecdoche):借代的一种,她表示以局部代整体,抽象代详细,原材料代成品等等。She has got five mouths to feed.此five mouths指代五口人,本体和喻体是局部与整体的关系;Aunt Melissa is my admiration。此admiration的钦佩的人,本体和喻体是抽象与详细的关系;Where did you buy this cotton?此cotton代表衣服,本体与喻体为原材料与成品的关系。He earned his bread as a dust man.这里的bread应该指生计,本体和喻体是详细与抽象的关系。 C暗喻(Metaphor):为了更生动形象体现作者想要表达的意思时利用,本体与喻体有相似形,多种暗喻类型。不用喻词(as if, like, as though等) Learning is climbing up the mountain.学习便如登山,将学习比作登山,它们有内在相似性那便是路程艰难,要不懈的努力。Teach a fish to swim班门弄虎,属于谚语式暗喻,教鱼游泳比喻在行家高手面前卖弄本领。有关更多暗喻(隐喻)解析可参照

求N句夸自己的英语句子!

I believe in myself!我相信我自己。

I can do it。

我可以,我能行!I never give up。

我从不轻言放弃。

I am genius。

我是天才。

I am number one。

我是第一 I am the best。

我是最好的。

I am the man you are looking for。

我是你要找得最好人选。

I am the guy who can overcome difficulties。

我是战胜万难的人。

My fate is for ever in my own control。

我得命运在我自己的掌握之中。

Nothing is difficult for me,if I put my heart into it!只要我努力没有什么对我来说困难的事!Any problems you met cannot be solved,just give me a call!有什么解决不了的问题尽管找我!I am more handsome than Tom Cruise!我比汤姆·克鲁斯还要帅!你的要求对于本来就很难得夸人句子来说又加了一倍的难度,而且夸人应该有个范围的,我不知道该夸什么?

关于用英语造句

夸张:Thanks a million.She almost die laughing.She was scared to death.比喻:1。

明喻The world is like a stage2。

隐喻The world is a stage. Jim was a fox.3.转喻He is another Shylock/Lei Feng.White House=American StateHe has an eye of art.4.提喻(以小代大或反之)(借代和移就)Australian neat canadaat criket.They were short of hands.She was dressed in silksThe pot is boiling.委婉语Her grandpa passed away/kicked the bucket.I am under the weather today.拟人Walls have ears.Times wait for no man.

关于英语修辞和写作手法

Analytical structure of speech :simile 明喻 metaphor 暗喻 personification 拟人 hyperbole夸张 euphemism 委婉语irony 反语 antithesis 对偶 metonymy 转喻(指代)litotes间接肯定即双重否定 analogy 类比 将两种本质不同的事物之间的共同点加以比较,来说明道理,把抽象的概念具体化,把浅显的道理浅显化:例 Forests are to nature what the lung is to man. Synecdoche 提喻,是以某事物的局部表示整体,抽象表示具体,特殊表示一般,或者反之。

例如: More hands are needed in the work. There is a mixture of the tiger(残暴) and the ape(狡猾)in his character. Onomatopoeia 拟声 The stream is murmuring down the hill. Some girls are giggling in the yard. Rain drops were pattering on the window. He heard the twitter of bird's among the bushes.Paradox 反论 指似是而非的说法,乍听似乎荒唐,但实际很有道理。

The child is father to the man. 从小看到大。

More haste, less speed. 欲速而不达Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法 指修饰语和被修饰语之间看似很矛盾,但实则相反相成。

Sour-sweet day 酸涩而甜蜜的岁月 poor rich men creative destruction 创造性的破坏 living death 死一般的活着Pun 双关 即巧妙地利用同音异义或同形异义现象 使同一个词或同一句子表达两种不同的含义,是之含蓄幽默,一语双关。

— what makes the tower lean? Lean指倾斜 和 瘦的— It never eats.transfer epithet转移修饰是 通常把形容人的词语用来修饰事物上,或者把通常修饰甲类事物的形容词用来修饰乙类,以简洁、新颖、形象的效果。

A wide-eyed answer a helpless smile embarrassed delight Dizzy height an icy look dry humor cheerful wine Syllepsis 一语双关 指用一个词语同时与两个部分搭配,含义上一个为字面意思,一个为比喻意思,可产生幽默、俏皮的效果。

谁能给我些英语作文的优美句子

And forever has no end,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price. 任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus. 当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。

然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse. 考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets. 大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure. 无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place. 尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life. 没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。

,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However. When it comes to education. 永永远远,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病,像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus. 无可否认。

12a. A proper part-time job does not occupy students'. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers,永无止境. Life is a pure flame,and we live by an invisible sun within us. 生命是一束纯净的火焰,我们依靠自己内心看不见的太阳而存在. 1.微笑吧。

然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法;s physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study,那比能够不代表他们没有全心全意地爱你. Don`t cry because it is over,smile because it happened. 不要因为结束而哭泣。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,who isn`t willing to waste their time on you. 不要为那些不愿在你身上花费时间的人而浪费你的时间. Just because someone doesn`t love you the way you want them to,doesn`t mean they don`t love you with all they have. 爱你的人如果没有按你所希望的方式来爱你. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查。

12; too much time. In fact。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person'. According to a recent survey. 一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution. 越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用,为你的曾经拥有. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间. 许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少。

3. No invention has received more praise and ...

英语并列复杂句例句

例如:Promote physical culture and build up the people's health.发展体育运动,增强人们体质。

This article is well-written and you'd better read it. 这篇文章写得很好,你最好看看。

Not only is he himself interested in computer but also his son is beginning to show an interest in it.不仅他对电脑感兴趣,而且他的儿子也开始对电脑感兴趣。

这是从意义方面来说的。

二是句子的结构完整。

所谓“完整”,最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。

也就是说,有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。

这就是从句子结构方面来分的,也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。

我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。

如果按照句子的结构分类,英文句子可分为三种类型:简单句(Simple Sentence) ,并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。

一、简单句简单句的定义是:或者只有一个主语,或者只有一个谓语。

为什么说“或者”呢?因为简单句可以只有一个主语,但有几个谓语;或者可以有几个主语,但只有一个谓语。

这样一分,简单句就有三种形式了。

1、只有一个主语、一个谓语,再加上其它成份。

例如:Light travels faster than sound.光比声传播速度快。

The film is not interesting.这部电影没有意思。

Can you finish the work on time?你能按时完成工作吗?2、只有一个主语,但有几个谓语,再加上其它成份。

例如:The boy were running, shouting and laughing.男孩们一边跑,一边笑,一边喊叫着。

You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time.你不能既听音乐,同时又背诵东西。

Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people.

英语谚语 修辞

英语谚语里的修辞吧。

1. 明喻 (Simile) 明喻就是用 as, like或其他比喻词指出两个截然不同的事物之间相似之处的修辞方法。

如: Use a book as a bee does flowers. 读书如蜜蜂采蜜。

Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit. 没有学识的机智犹如没有果实的树。

2. 暗喻 ( Metaphor) 暗喻和明喻一样也是在两个不同类对象之间进行比较。

但暗喻不用比喻词as或like等,而是直接把本体说成喻体。

如: Time is money. 时间就是金钱。

A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 好书如相伴终生的挚友。

Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother. 经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。

3. 换喻 ( Metonymy) 换喻不像明喻、暗喻等比喻形式那样利用不同类对象的相似或类同点构成比较,而是利用对象之间的某种联系来唤起他人的联想,从而避免直说。

如: A cat in gloves catches no mice. 戴手套的猫捉不到耗子。

(意即四体不勤的人办不好事情。

) One swallow does not make a summer. 独燕不成夏。

(意即一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。

) 4. 提喻 (Synecdoche) 提喻是指用部分代表整体,或用整体代表部分的修辞方法。

如: Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。

Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。

这里head, mind均是以人体的某部分来代表"人"这一整体。

5. 拟人 ( Personification) 拟人是把无生命的东西或抽象的概念赋予人的个性的修辞方法。

如: Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

Fields have eyes, and woods have ears. 隔墙有耳。

Riches serve a wise man, but command a fool. 财富是智者的奴隶,愚者的主人。

6. 夸张 ( Hyperbole) 运用丰富的想象,在数量、形状或程度上加以渲染以增强表达效果,这就是夸张。

如: A thousand years cannot repair a moment's loss of honor. 一失足成千古恨。

Money makes the mare go. 有钱能使鬼推磨。

The world is but a little place, after all. 海内存知己,天涯若比邻。

7. 头韵 (Alliteration) 英语是一种韵律丰富的语言。

两个或更多的词以相同的辅音字母开始,便构成头韵。

如: Look before you leap. 三思而后行。

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。

8. 双关 ( Pun) 双关是巧妙地利用同音异义或同形异义等现象使词或句子具有两种不同的含义,显得含蓄、幽默而新奇。

如: Measure yourself by your own foot. 用自己的脚来量自己。

/ 用自己的标准来衡量自己。

这里foot有两层含义:(1)脚;(2)英尺。

构成语义双关。

Rue and thyme grow both in one garden. 芸香和麝香长在同一个园子里。

/ 悔恨与日俱增。

rue有两层含义:(1)芸香;(2)悔恨。

构成语义双关。

thyme与time发音相同,构成语音双关。

9. 重复 ( Repetition) 重复是指某词或词组的重复使用。

如: Little things amuse little minds. 小人无大志。

Measure for measure. 以牙还牙。

Who chatters to you, will chatter of you. 来说是非者必是是非人。

几种常见的修辞方法英语表达

英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多. 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物. 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice. 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart. 品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads. 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods. 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.Parallelism 排比, 平行 这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如: 1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy. 2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately. 9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法 婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 例如: 1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下. 2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽. 3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. 10.Allegory 讽喻,比方 这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事. 例如: 1>.Make the hay while the sun shines. 2>.It's time to turn plough into sword. 11.Irony 反语 反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法. 例如: 1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar. 12.Pun 双关 双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的 幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现. 例如: 1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise. 2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. 3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately. 13.Parody 仿拟 这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞. 例如: 1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year. 2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided. 3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it. 14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问 它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的. 例如: 1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note? 2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered? 15.Antithesis 对照,对...

英语修辞的常见修辞

1. Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比,这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。

标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。

例如:1. I wandered lonely as a stay dog. 我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。

2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷,就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。

2. Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。

例如:1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐,但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。

2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读,另一些需要被“狼吞虎咽”般地阅读;很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。

3. Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I. 以容器代替内容,例如:1. The kettle boils. 水开了。

2. The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。

II. 以资料、工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。

III. 以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI. 以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。

4. Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般。

例如:1. There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人。

2. He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿。

3. The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。

5. Synesthesia 通感、联觉、移觉这种修辞法是以视、听、触、嗅、味等感觉直接描写事物.例如:1. The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice. 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。

2. Taste the music of Mozart. 品尝Mozart的音乐。

6. Personification 拟人拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物。

例如:1. The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.夜晚温柔地平复着我们狂热的头脑2. I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods. 我很开心,似乎听到了林中唱歌的鸟儿。

7. Hyperbole 夸张夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的。

它可以加强语势,增加表达效果。

例如:1. I beg a thousand pardons. 我千百次地祈求宽恕2. Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.我爱你。

你对我而言如同全世界,如同夜空中的星月一般圣洁。

3. When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 当她听到这个噩耗,眼泪像绝了堤的洪水,滚落下来。

8. rhetorical repetition 叠言这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中,将相同的结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量。

例如:1. It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny. 它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。

2.Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人,更少痛苦,更少不安,更少死亡,更少疾病,和更少残废。

9. Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉、文雅的方法表达粗恶、避讳的话。

例如:1. He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下。

2. His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.10. Allegory 讽喻、比方这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法"。

它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。

例如:1. Make the hay while the sun shines. 良机勿失。

2. It's time to turn plough into sword. 到了该努力的时候了。

(转化过程自行脑补)11. Irony 反语反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式。

如在指责过失、错误时、用赞同过失的说法;而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法。

例如:1. It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 早上不知道几点钟确实是一种好习惯!(反语)2."Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. " The waiter said to the beggar. 作者对乞丐说,当然,你只收大钞,所以没零钱啦。

12. Pun 双关双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义、借题发挥、作出多种解释、旁敲侧击从而达到意想不到的幽默、滑稽效果。

它主要以相似的词形、词意和谐音的方式出现。

例如:1. An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. 大使是一个诚实的人,他只骗外国人说自己国家多么多么好。

2. If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.如果我们不团结,就上吊去吧。

(注意两个hang意思不一样)13. Parody 仿拟这是一种模仿名言、警句、谚语,改动其中部分词语从而...

论文:文学中几种常见的英语修辞手法及其翻译

paperfree可以查多语言的论文,免费赠送字数1. 明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。

2.隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

3.提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。

4.拟人(personification)这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。

5.夸张(hyperbole)这是运用的想象,过激的言辞,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果。

6.叠言(rhetorical repetition)这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中,将相同的结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量。

7.借代(metonymy)是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。

8.双关语(pun)是以一个词或词组,用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来,以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。

9.拟声(onomatcpocia)是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。

10.讽刺(irony)是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效果。

11.通感(synesthesia)是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受。

12.头韵法(alliteration)在文句中有两个以上连接在一起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感。

北师大版英语七年级上单词表

1.名词后缀 (1)具有某种职业或动作的人 1)-an, -ain,表示"……地方的人,精通……的人”American, historian, 2)-al,表示"具有……职务的人" principal, 3)-ant,-ent,表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student, 4)-ar,表示"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler 5)-ard, -art,表示"做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者) 6)-arian,表示"……派别的人, ……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian 7)-ary,表示"从事……的人" secretary, missionary 8)-ant,表示"具有……职责的人" candidate, graduate 9)-ator,表示"做……的人" educator, speculator(投机者) 10)-crat,表示"某种政体,主义的支持者" democrat, bureaucrat 11)-ee,表示"动作承受者" employee, examinee 12)-eer,表示"从事于……人" engineer, volunteer 13)-er,表示"从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager 14)-ese,表示" ……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese 15)-ess,表示"阴性人称名词, actress, hostess, manageress 16)-eur,表示"……家” amateur, littérateur 17)-ian,表示"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生),musician 18)-ician,表示"精通者, ……家,”electrician, magician, technician 19)-icist,表示"……家, …….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist 20)-ic,表示"……者,……师" mechanic, critic 21)-ie,表示"爱,指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘) 22)-ier,表示"从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠) 23)-ine, ian,表示"阴性人称" heroine, ballerina 24)-ist,表示"从事……研究者,信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist 25)-ive,表示"动作者,行为者” native, captive 26)-logist,表示"……学家,研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家) 27)-or,表示"……者" author, doctor, operator, 28)-ster,表示"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒),songster 29)-yer,表示"从事……职业者” lawyer .构成,具有抽象名词的含义 1)-acy,表示"性质,状态,境遇" accuracy, diplomacy 2)-age,表示"状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称" courage, storage, marriage 3)-al, a)表示"事物的动作,过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval b)表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal 4)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience 5)-ancy, -ency,表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency, 6)-bility,表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, feasibility, 7)-craft,表示"工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策) 8)-cracy,表示"统治,支配" bureaucracy, democracy 9)-cy,表示"性质,状态,职位,级别" bankruptcy(破产),supremacy 10)-dom,表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom 11)-ery, -ry,表示"行为,状态,习性" bravery, bribery, rivalry 12)-ety,表示"性质,状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑) 13)-faction, -facture,表示"作成,……化,作用" satisfaction, manufacture 14)-hood,表示"资格,身份,年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood 15)-ice,表示"行为,性质,状态" notice, justice, service 16)-ine,表示"带有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine 17)-ing,表示"动作的过程,结果" building, writing, learning 18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 19)-ise,表示"性质,状态” exercise, merchandise(商业) 20)-ism,表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 21)-ity,表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 22)-ment,表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 23)-mony,表示"动作的结果,状态" ceremony, testimony 24)-ness,表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 25)-or, -our,表示"动作,性质,状态" favor, error, 26)-osity,表示"动作,状态” curiosity 27)-ship,表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 28)-th,表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 29)-tude,表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔) 30)-ure,表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 31)-y,表示"行为的结果,状态,性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry 带有场所,地方的含义 1)-age,表示"住所,地点" village, cottage 2)-ary,表示"住所,场地" library, granary (谷仓) 3)-ery, ry,表示"工作场所,饲养所,地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室) 4)-ory,表示"工作场所,住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory (4...